Despite the fact that Oman
is mainly covered by deserts, it has a relatively high biodiversity especially
in regions with higher precipitation.
In total, 1208 plant species are found in the country including 78 endemic
species. Thus, it definitely makes sense to undertake efforts for nature
conservation in Oman. A national biodiversity strategy was developed taking
into account the Islamic vision on biodiversity.
The National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan
In 1995, Oman ratified the Convention on Biological Biodiversity.
The Islam asks mankind to understand and know the creation of God. Oman’s
vision is “a society that is conscious of the role and issues related
to biological diversity, convinced of its responsibilities toward future
generations and determined to sustainably use natural resources in harmony
with all other living things in accordance with the laws of Islam”.
Major threats to nature in Oman
The major threats to Oman’s nature are the destruction of habitats
and the introduction of alien species which outcompete the native species.
Habitats are destroyed by inappropriate land use form e.g. overgrazing,
over fishing or salinization due to irrigation. These are globally the
two major reasons for the loss of biodiversity.
Nature reserves and sanctuaries in Oman
- National Park Al Saleel
- Nature Reserve Ad Dimaniyat Islands (Marine Protected Area).
- Turtle Reserve Ra's Al Hadd
- Nature Reserve Jebel Samhan
- Nature Reserve The Khawrs of the Salalah Coast
- Sanctuary Arabian Oryx
Conclusion
Oman has quite ambitious goals regarding nature conservation. One hope
is that eco-tourism could a source of income in the future.Law
enforcement and the implementation of the National Biodiversity Strategy
seem to be the key issues in the question whether Oman will be successful
in nature conservation.
To read more, please download the essay “Nature conservation and Sanctuaries: Oman’s efforts in conservation of biodiversity" by Irma Mika and Nina Stephan.
Continue to "Agriculture in Oman".
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